A Virtual Machine (VM) is a software computer that, like a physical computer, runs an operating system and applications. The virtual machine consists of a set of specification and configuration files and is backed by the physical resources of a host. Every virtual machine has devices that provide the same functionality as physical hardware but are more portable, secure, and easier to manage.
Please refer to the VM usage guide in the list below.
This technical manual provides a comprehensive guide to understanding and handling COMPUTE. It includes detailed descriptions, step-by-step instructions, and necessary resources for effective utilization. Please follow the procedures and recommendations outlined in this manual to ensure the smooth functioning of IT infrastructure.
HI GIO CLOUD is the first full-scale public cloud service in Vietnam and the unique product of a powerful collaboration between two leading technology companies, FPT Telecom and Internet Initiative Japan (IIJ). This platform offers high-performance computing resources, enabling businesses to seamlessly deploy, manage, and scale applications.
You can reset the root/administrator’s account password via Guest OS Customization in the vCD portal.
This password is used for root (Linux) or Administrator (Windows).
Procedure
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Step 1: Log in to vCD portal > Data Centers > Virtual Machines > Guest OS Customization > EDIT.
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Step 2: Verify guest customization is enabled and Specify password > SAVE.
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Step 3: Power off and Power on, Force Recustomization.
View VM
You can view virtual machines that are standalone or part of a vApp.
You can view virtual machines in a grid view or a card view.
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Step 1: On the Virtual Data Center
Install VMware Tools in a Virtual Machine
VMware Tools improves the management and performance of the virtual machine by replacing generic operating system drivers with VMware drivers tuned for virtual hardware such as storage, network, and display. You install VMware Tools into the guest operating system. Although the guest operating system can run without VMware Tools, you lose important features and convenience.
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Step 1: On the Virtual Data Center dashboard screen, click the card of the virtual data center you want to explore, and from the left panel, select Virtual Machines.
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5. HI GIO KMS Service
HI GIO KMS is powered by the HashiCorp Vault solution, which is fully managed by HI GIO teams. Thus, the customer can focus on key management itself.
HI GIO KMS has two kinds of deployment models.
Internet mode
Private mode (Only can access from customer’s HI GIO VPC system)
API token login
In this manual, you will find detailed information on preparing information, creating a Token on the vCD portal, and creating a Bearer token.
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* Login IAM portal -> vCD portal: collect the information
{{vcd_url}}
Start and Stop Order of Virtual Machines in a vApp
You can configure virtual machines' start and stop orders within your vApp. Configure the start and stop order if you have applications installed in the virtual machines that must start and stop in a particular order.
These settings are helpful if you need to start and stop your virtual machines in a particular order.
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4. HI GIO API
This guide is designed to help developers and technical users integrate and interact with the HI GIO Cloud services through our powerful API.
This manual provides detailed information on authenticating, making API calls, and handling responses effectively. It also covers best practices, code examples, and troubleshooting tips to ensure a smooth integration process.
Please refer to the VM usage guide in the list below.
2. Working with vAPP
vApp consists of one or more virtual machines communicating over a network and using resources and services in a deployed environment. vApp can contain multiple virtual machines.
Please refer to the vAPP usage guide in the list below.
dashboard screen, click the card of the virtual data center you want to explore, and from the left panel, select
Virtual Machines
.
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Step 2: You can select grid view or card view by selecting:
To view the virtual machines in a grid view, click
To view the virtual machines in a card view, click
The list of virtual machines is displayed in a grid view or as a list of card views.
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Step 2.1: From the grid view, click the three vertical dots on the left of a virtual machine to display the actions you can take for the selected virtual machine.
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Step 2.2: To access the console for the guest operating system of the virtual machine, click on VM Console.
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Step 2.3: To view and edit the details for a virtual machine, click the VM’s name.
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Step 2.4: From the grid view, click the three vertical dots on the left of a virtual machine to display the actions you can take for the selected virtual machine.
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Step 2.5: To access the console for the guest operating system of the virtual machine, click on VM Console.
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Step 2.6: To view and edit the details for a virtual machine, click the VM’s name.
View VM in Card view:
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Step 3.1 : From the card view, click the Action to display your actions for the selected virtual machine.
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Step 3.2: To access the console for the guest operating system of the virtual machine, click on VM Console.
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Step 3.3: To view and edit the details for a virtual machine, click Details.
Overview
Procedure
Step 2: Click Card View
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Step 3: On the card of the virtual machine that you want to start, click ACTIONS > Install VMware Tools.
HashiCorp Vault is an identity-based secrets and encryption management system. A secret is anything you want to control access to tightly, such as API encryption keys, passwords, and certificates. Vault provides encryption services that are gated by authentication and authorization methods. Access to secrets and other sensitive data can be securely stored and managed, tightly controlled (restricted), and auditable using Vault's UI, CLI, or HTTP API.
dashboard screen, click the card of the virtual data center you want to explore, and from the left panel, select
vApps
.
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Step 2: In the vApps page, select card view.
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Step 3: On the vApp card, click Details.
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Step 4: Click the Start and Stop Order tab and click Edit.
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Step 5: Edit each virtual machine's start and stop order properties and click OK.
Start Order:Enter the order (0, 1, 2, 3 ...) where you want the virtual machine to start.
Start Action:Select Power On (default) or None.
Start Wait:The start wait time is the time (in seconds) you want to wait before VMware Cloud Director starts the next machine in the sequence.
Stop Action:Select Power Off; the VM powers off without performing shutdown. Otherwise, select Shut Down (required VMware tool installed), which ensures stability upon shutting down.
Stop Wait:The stop wait time is the time (in seconds) you want to wait before VMware Cloud Director shuts down the next virtual machine in the sequence.
So we can power off the vApp. It will automatically start the VMs based on the startup order (The reverse order is used to power them off).
Overview
Attention: Verify that the vApp is powered off.
Procedure
Create a New Virtual Machine from ISO
Overview
As well as deploying pre-built VMs from a template, you can build your VMs from scratch, as you would do on a physical machine, using an ISO image instead of a physical CD or DVD.
Procedure
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Step 1: On the Virtual Data Center dashboard screen, click the card of the virtual data center you want to explore, and from the left panel, select Virtual Machines.
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Step 2: Select Card View\Grid View to view the virtual machines
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Step 3: Click New VM.
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Step 4: In the New VM dialog box, enter a Name, Computer Name, and Description for your VM.
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Step 5: Type: Select New
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Step 6: Select the Power on check-box. If you want the VM to power on right after its creation
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Step 7: Operating System: Select an OS family, Operating System, and Boot image.
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Step 8: Compute: Enter Virtual CPUs, Core per socket, and Memory.
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Step 9: Storage: Select Storage Policy & Size of disk.
Add more disk for VM if needed.
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Step 10: Networking:
Network: Select the Organization VDC Networks that you want to use for VM
Network adapter Type: Select VMXNET3
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Step 11: Click OK to save the virtual machine's settings and start the creation process.
Once the virtual machine is created, it is a VM without OS. We must Insert Media (ISO) into the VM and install OS.
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Step 12: Click the three vertical dots > Media > Insert Media
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Step 13: Select the ISO image you want to mount from a catalog in the Insert CD dialog box, then click Insert.
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Step 14: Click the three vertical dots >> Power >> Power On
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Step 15: Open VM Console to install guest OS for VM
VM has boot from ISO file and start the installation.
Performing Power Operations on Virtual Machines
Overview
You can perform power operations on virtual machines, such as powering on or off a virtual machine, suspending or resetting a virtual machine, or shutting down the guest operating system of a virtual machine.
Procedure
Step 1: On the Virtual Data Center dashboard screen, click the card of the virtual data center you want to explore, and from the left panel, select Virtual Machines.
Step 2: Click card view
Step 3: On the card of the virtual machine that you want to start, click ACTIONS > Power > Power On.
A powered-on virtual machine displays a Powered-on status in green.
The Shut Down Guest OS for VM action shuts down the guest operating system and powers off the virtual machine. VMware Tools must be installed and running on the VM.
Powering off a virtual machine is the equivalent of powering off a physical machine.
Resetting a virtual machine clears the state (memory, cache, and so on), but the virtual machine continues to run. Resetting a virtual machine is the equivalent of pushing the reset button of a physical machine. It initiates a hard reset of the operating system without changing the virtual machine's power state.
Suspending a virtual machine preserves its current state by writing the memory (RAM) to disk.
The suspend and resume feature is useful when you want to save your virtual machine's current state (RAM) and continue work later from the same state.
Step 1: On the Virtual Data Center dashboard screen, click the card of the virtual data center you want to explore, and from the left panel, select Virtual Machines.
If a virtual machine is in a suspendedstate and you no longer need to resume the use of the machine, you can discard the suspended state. Discarding the suspended state removes the saved memory and returns the machine to a powered-off state.
Step 1: On the Virtual Data Center dashboard screen, click the card of the virtual data center you want to explore, and from the left panel, select Virtual Machines.
Step 2: Click card view
Step 3: In the card of the virtual machine that you want to start, click ACTIONS > Power >Discard the suspended state.
API reconfigures VM's Memory
Overview
In this manual, you will find detailed information on how to prepare information, get the VM’s memory information, and reconfigure the VM’s memory.
Procedure
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Step 1: Prepare Information
* Login IAM portal -> vCD portal: collect the information
{{vcd_url}}
- {{vm-uuid}}: select VM -> take a look vm uuid on url
GET https://{{vcd_url}}/api/vApp/{{vm-uuid}}/virtualHardwareSection/memory
Authorization: {{Bearer Token}}
Headers:
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Step 3: Reconfig VM’s memory
PUT https://{{vcd_url}}/api/vApp/{{vm-uuid}}/virtualHardwareSection/memory
Authorization: {{Bearer Token }}
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Get VM’s memory information
GET https://{{vcd_url}}/api/vApp/{{vm-uuid}}/virtualHardwareSection/memory
Check on vCD portal
Login IAM -> vCD portal-> select VM-> Compute
Safely remove Disk in Windows OS
Overview
Bring disk to Offline in Windows OS.
Confirm that the disk’s status = is offline in Windows OS and provide disk information to the support team (they will support the infrastructure side).
Validate again on Windows OS.
Procedure
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Step 1: Log on to Windows and open Disk Management.
Right-click on the Windows menu > Run.
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Step 2: On Disk Management:
Right-click the disk name > Offline
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Step 3: Validate disk status:
Disk status = Offline, and it will disappear on the volume table.
Please provide disk information:
Disk size:
API power on/off VM
Overview
In this manual, you will find detailed information on how to prepare information, get VM status, and change status VM.
Procedure
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Step 1: Prepare information
Login IAM portal -> vCD portal: collect the information
{{vcd_url}}
{{vm-uuid}}: select VM -> take a look vm uuid on url
POST https://{{vcd_url}}/api/vApp/{{vm_uuid}}/power/action/{{powerOn/powerOff}}
Authorization: {{Bearer Token}}
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Get VM’s status information
GET https://{{vcd_url}}/api/vApp/{{vm-uuid}}
Check on vCD portal
Login IAM -> vCD portal-> select VM
Create VM's Template
HI GIO provides virtual machine (VM) template sizes and operating systems.
The HI GIO template is a good place to start when you first deploy VMs into the HI GIO. However, you may want to create a template containing specific applications that you can use to deploy VMs quickly.
Assume your VM has already installed OS and VMware tools and is preconfigured.
API reconfigures VM's Networks
In this manual, you will find detailed information on how to prepare information, get VM’s network information, and reconfigure VM’s networks.
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Login IAM portal -> vCD portal: collect the information
{{vcd_url}}
{{vm-uuid}}: select VM -> take a look vm uuid on url
6. Encryption Management Service
VMware Cloud Director Encryption Management is a solution that grants in-transit encryption for disk I/O and vMotion for a customer's Virtual Machine using vTPM and VM Encryption technology.
Please refer to the Encryption Management service usage guide below.
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Step 1: Customer login to Portal vCD
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API reconfigures VM's Disk
In this manual, you will find detailed information on how to prepare information, get the VM’s disk information, and reconfigure the VM’s disk.
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Log in to IAM portal -> vCD portal: collect the information
{{vcd_url}}
{{vm-uuid}}: select VM -> take a look vm uuid on url
View VM in grid view:
IP mode: SelectDHCP\Static – IP Pool or Static – Manual
We need active DHCP (via Network\Gateway or relay DHCP server) or create 01 IP Pool in Organization VCD Networks If we use DHCP or Static-IP Pool mode.
Attention:
Name is a name to identify the VM, Computer Name is the host name of the VM.
The Computer Name is copied from the Name field but can contain only alphanumeric characters and hyphens, so you may need to edit it if your VM Name contains spaces or special characters.
Attention: We recommend using the VMXNET3 network adapter where possible. The VMXNET virtual network adapter has no physical counterpart and is optimized for VM performance. Because operating system vendors don't provide built-in drivers for this card, you must install VMware Tools to have a driver available for the VMXNET network adapter.
Step 1: On the Virtual Data Center dashboard screen, click the card of the virtual data center you want to explore, and from the left panel, select Virtual Machines.
Step 2: Click card view
Step 3: In the card of the virtual machine that you want to power off, click ACTIONS > Power > Power Off\Shut Down Guest OS\Reset
Step 2: Click card view
Step 3: In the card of the virtual machine that you want to start, click ACTIONS > Power > Suspend.
The virtual machine is suspended, but its state is preserved.
Attention:From the VM Suspended state, just power on if you need the VM to run with the current memory.
The state is discarded, and the virtual machine is powered off.
Find line “<rasd:VirtualQuantity>2048</rasd:VirtualQuantity>” and edit the value, it’s the VM’s memory (MB).Please note that Value must be a multiple of 4 MB
Once the support team has completed the infrastructure side.
Please log on to Windows OS and confirm that the disk has been removed. No disk offline status is shown on Disk Management.
Confirm that the disk’s status = offline in Windows OS and provide disk information to the support team (they will support on the infrastructure side).
Headers:
- ‘Accept’: */*;version=37.2
SEND request.
Check the VM status on line 3 of Response Body. If Link rel="power:powerOff", VM is Power ON else VM is Power Off.
Headers:
- ‘Accept’: */*;version=37.2
SEND request.
Step 4: Verify
Prerequisites: VMware Tools must be installed & VM is powered off.
Step 1: On the Virtual Data Center dashboard screen, click the card of the virtual data center you want to explore, and from the left panel, select Virtual Machines.
Step 2: Click card view
Step 3: On the card of the virtual machine that you want to start, click DETAILS.
Step 4: To enable\disable Hot-add for CPU\Memory, Click Compute > Edit (CPU section or Memory section)
Step 5: Enable toggle and click Save
VMware has set a maximum value for hot-add memory. By default, this value is 16 times the memory assigned to the virtual machine. (https://kb.vmware.com/s/article/2020846)
If you are running WM with Linux OS having less than 3GB RAM, you can change the memory to only 3GB RAM in total if you need more. You must power off the VM, increase memory to, for example, 4 GB RAM, and power it on again. (https://kb.vmware.com/s/article/2008405).
Step 6: To customize Guest OS, Click Guest OS Customization > EDIT
TIP: Guest OS Customization will help you prepare the logon, change the password, \ Join the Domain (just for Windows) in the first boot after deploying.
Step 7: On Edit Guest Properties
Depends on the guest OS – Linux or Windows. The view of this page has some differences:
The Enable guest customization check box is selected.
Change the SID option (for Windows OS)
Select Allow local administrator password
Select Require administrator to change the password on the first login to require all administrators to change the password upon initial login (Administrators must know the old password)
Select Auto Generate password or Specify password (if you want to define it yourself).
Join Domain (this session is for Windows OS)
Step 8: Click Save
Step 1: On the Virtual Data Center dashboard screen, click the card of the virtual data center you want to explore, and from the left panel, select Virtual Machines.
Step 2: Click card view
Step 3: On the card of the virtual machine that you want to start, click ACTIONS.
Step 4: Click Create Template
On the Add to Catalog page
Step 5: Select the catalog that will store this template
Step 6: Enter the Name of the template
Step 7: Select Customize VM setting and click OK to process
On the vCD -> Data Center -> select your Virtual Data Center ->vApps -> check your vApp and VM.
Create a Virtual Machine from a Template
Overview
To simplify creating a virtual machine (VM), you can use a pre-built VM template from a catalog.
Procedure
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Step 1: On the Virtual Data Center dashboard screen, click the card of the virtual data center you want to explore, and from the left panel, select Virtual Machines.
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Step 2: Select Card View\Grid View to view the virtual machines
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Step 3: Click New VM.
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Step 4: In the New VM dialog box, enter a Name, Computer Name, and Description for your VM.
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Step 5: From the Type radio buttons, select From Template.
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Step 6: Select the Power on check-box. If you want the VM to power on right after its creation,
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Step 7: In the Templates section, select the template you want to use for your VM, depending on your requirement (OS type and VM size).
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Step 8: Select Storage Policy
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Step 9: Select Network, Network adapter Type, IP mode for VM
Attention: If using the Linux template, you can change the default password or SSH public key (optional)
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Step 10: Click OK to save the virtual machine's settings and start the creation process.
Attention:
After the creation is completed using a Windows template, you will see this screen in the first boot.
Remember:
Editing the properties of a new VM
Overview
You can edit the properties of a virtual machine, including the virtual machine name and description, hardware and network settings, guest OS settings, and so on.
Procedure
You can review and change a virtual machine's name, description, and other general properties.
Step 1: On the Virtual Data Center dashboard screen, click the card of the virtual data center you want to explore and from the left panel, select Virtual Machines.
Step 2: Click card view
Step 3: In the virtual machine card you want to edit, click Details.
Step 4: Under General expands by default > Edit to list of properties
Step 5: Click Save once you complete making your changes.
Step 1: On the Virtual Data Center dashboard screen, click the card of the virtual data center you want to explore, and from the left panel, select Virtual Machines.
Step 2: Click card view
Step 3: In the card of the virtual machine that you want to edit, click Details.
Step 4: To view the available removable media, such as attached CD/DVD and floppy drives, under Hardware, select the Removable Media tab.
API reconfigures VM's CPU
Overview
In this manual, you will find detailed information on how to prepare information, get the VM’s CPU information, and Reconfigure the VM’s CPU.
Procedure
1
Step 1: Prepare Information
Login IAM portal -> vCD portal: collect the information
{{vcd_url}}
{{vm-uuid}}: select VM -> take a look vm uuid on url
GET https://{{vcd_url}}/api/vApp/{{vm-uuid}}/virtualHardwareSection/cpu
Authorization: {{Bearer Token }}
Headers:
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Step 3: Reconfigure VM’s CPU
Postman:
PUT https://{{vcd_url}}/api/vApp/{{vm-uuid}}/virtualHardwareSection/cpu
Authorization: {{Bearer Token }}
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Get VM’s CPU information
GET https://{{vcd_url}}/api/vApp/{{vm-uuid}}/virtualHardwareSection/cpu
Check on vCD portal
Login IAM -> vCD portal-> select VM-> Compute
Validate again in Windows OS:
The other way to create the template by upload your template to HI GIO
The maximum import size is 50 GB. Large image files or templates might take a long time to upload. For assistance with files larger than50 GB, request the support team.
Just wait for it to restart (about 3 minutes) to apply your specific configuration (IP, hostname,…).
When you see the Login screen, you can get control from now.
Attention:
Name is a name to identify the VM, Computer Name is the host name of the VM.
The Computer Name is copied from the Name field but can contain only alphanumeric characters and hyphens, so you may need to edit it if your VM Name contains spaces or special characters.
Step 5: To edit the hard disk settings or add hard disks, select Hard Disks and click Edit. Click Save once done
Step 6: To edit the computing settings, select Compute > Edit the relevant section.
VMware has set a maximum value for hot-add memory. By default, this value is 16 times the memory assigned to the virtual machine. (https://kb.vmware.com/s/article/2020846)
If you are running WM with Linux OS having less than 3GB RAM, you can change the memory to only 3GB RAM in total if you need more. You must power off the VM, increase memory to, for example, 4 GB RAM, and power it on again. (https://kb.vmware.com/s/article/2008405).
Step 7: To edit the NICs settings or add NICs, click NICs > Edit. Save once Done.
Attention: You can increase the size of an existing hard disk if the virtual machine is not a linked clone and has no snapshots.
vAppconsists of one or more virtual machines communicating over a network and using resources and services in a deployed environment. vApp can contain multiple virtual machines.
Instead of creating a vApp based on a vApp template, you can make a vApp using virtual machines from catalogs, new virtual machines, or a combination of both.
Building a vApp requires you to provide a name and, optionally, a description of the vApp. You can go back and add the virtual machines to the vApp later.
Attention: vApp can contain multiple VMs, so Shut down\Stop vApp, it will affect all VMs inside vApp.
Procedure
Step 1: On the Virtual Data Center dashboard screen, click the card of the virtual data center you want to explore, and from the left panel, select vApps.
Step 2: In the vApps page, click New, then select New vApp.
Step 3: Enter a Name and a Description (optionally) for the vApp.
Step 4:
#Optional: If you want the vApp to power on upon deployment, select the Power on the check box.
You can add a network to a vApp to make the network available to the virtual machines in the vApp. You can add a virtual data center network to a vApp.
Step 1: On the Virtual Data Center dashboard screen, click the card of the virtual data center you want to explore, and from the left panel, select vApps.
Step 2: On vApps page, select Card View to view vApp in card view.
Step 3: Click Actions menu of the vApp to which you want to add a network, select Add > Add Network.
Step 4: On the Add Network page:
Step 1: On the Virtual Data Center dashboard screen, click the card of the virtual data center you want to explore, and from the left panel, select Virtual Machines.
Step 2: Select Card View to view Virtual Machine in Card Viewon Virtual Machines Windows.
Step 3: Click Actions menu of the Virtual Machine which you want to Move, select Move
Step 4: Select Destination vApp, then click Next
Step 5: Click Add Virtual Machine.
Step 6: In the New VM dialog box, select:
New to create a VM from scratch Create a New Standalone Virtual Machine
From Template to create a VM from an existing template Create a Virtual Machine from a Template
Step 7:
#Optional: Repeat Step 5 for each additional virtual machine you want to create within the vApp.
Step 8: To complete the creation of the vApp, click Create.
Check type: Direct and select the network that you want to add.
Step 5: Click ADD
Step 5: OnConfigure Resource:
Enter & validate the information: Name, Computer Name, Target VM storage Policy, Network, IP Mode for Virtual Machine, then click Next
Step 6: Validate and click Done
Attention: The vApp can power on only if virtual machines exist.
Attention: You can click Create at this point to create an empty vApp and add VMs to it later.
3. HI GIO Auto Scale
This document guides using the Auto Scale function on HI GIO CLOUD.
The network has IP addresses on a static IP Pool (used for applications without HI GIO Load Balancing).
Load Balancer Pool and Virtual Service (used for applications with HI GIO Load Balancing).
The vApp template of the VM needs to be scaled.
Step 1: Log in to HI GIO Portal > Applications > Scale Groups > NEW SCALE GROUP
Step 2: In the General Settings:
Pick an owner of the Scale Group.
Pick an Organisation VDC.
Enter Group Name.
Number of Min VMs.
Number of Max VMs.
Step 3: In the Application Settings:
Select the vApp template of the previously prepared application.
Pick a Storage Policy.
Step 4: Select a network for the scale group in the Network Settings section.
If you want to manage the load balancer on your own or if there is no need for a load balancer, select I have a fully set-up network:
Pick a Network.
Click CREATE GROUP AND ADD RULES.
If your applications use HI GIO Load Balancing, select I have set-up a Load Balancer option.
Enter Network CIDR.
Pick Edge Gateway.
Pick Server Pool
Click CREATE GROUP AND ADD RULES.
Step 5: Set up Firewall rules depending on the application’s requirements.
Behavior: Select whether the scale group must expand or shrink when the rule takes effect.
Grow: scale out.
Shink: scale in.
Cool down: Enter a cooldown period in minutes after each auto scale in the group.
Step 3: In the Conditions tab, Add a condition that triggers the rule.
Avg. Utilization:
CPU usage.
memory usage.
Condition:
greater or equal to.
lower or equal to.
Amount: in percent.
Duration: The period when the condition must be valid to trigger the rule.
Make sure the network has available Static IP Pools.
Attention: The conditions cannot trigger another scaling until the cooldown period expires. The cooldown period resets when any of the rules of the scale group takes effect.
Attenstion: An AND operator groups conditions in a rule.
After a condition is met, it might be executed with a delay of up to 5 minutes.
